Advances in Breast Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Guide
Breast cancer being a common disease among women has received treatment breakthroughs over the years to offer the affected patients a better future. In this article, the author seeks to discuss the various treatments and their types including the modern ones available in the market.
Mastectomy and Breast Conservation for Breast Cancer
In many cases, surgical treatment is the initial and the main strategy of the therapy for breast cancer, as the main task of the surgery is to remove the tumor and stop the growth of cancer cells. The two typical operations that are carried out for breast cancer are; lumpectomy and mastectomy.
A lumpectomy is surgical excision of the tumor along with a small proportion of healthy tissue leaving a major part of the breast behind. It applies to early-stage breast cancer patients, women who want the surgeon to conserve their breasts besides other related indications.
On the flip side, mastectomy is a surgery in which the whole breast is removed. It may at times be advised that the other breast is removed as well in a process referred to as bilateral mastectomy in a bid to avoid a situation where the other breast develops cancer.
Innovation in the methods of breast cancer surgery like oncoplastic surgery has enhanced cosmetic results among the patients. Also, sentinel node biopsy, a more minimally invasive procedure, has been adopted more commonly to test for the spread of cancer to lymph nodes.
Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Adjuvant radiotherapy is also widely applied in the postoperative course to treat residual malignant cells and prevent the cancer’s relapse. This treatment involves the use of ‘heat’ energy to radiate and destroy cancerous cells in your body.
There are two main types of radiation therapy: external beam radiation and brachytherapy.
External beam radiation therapy is the most common one; in this procedure, the radiation beam is directed to the cancerous part of the body by a machine. Therapies are typically administered several weeks and five days a week on average or in some cases, depending on the severity of a person’s condition.
Brachytherapy is done through the placing of small seeds or pellets that emit radiation within the breast surrounding the tumor. This method enables one to administer quantities of radiation that would have taken a longer time to achieve using other methods.
New techniques like Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) have improved not just the accurateness of the treatments but also the efficacy of the radiation therapies reducing harm on the healthy tissues.
Quimioterapia de Radiación para el Cáncer de Mama
Adjuvant radiation therapy is often applied in further detail to destroy all residual cancer cells and decrease the possibilities of cancer reoccurrence. This treatment is conducted through the application of high-energy rays that focus on killing cancerous cells.
There are two main types of radiation therapy: external beam radiation and brachytherapy the external approaches to delivering treatments.
External beam radiation therapy has been noted to be the most comprehensive type of radiation therapy where a machine is used to direct radiation on the affected area. Treatments are normally provided in portions of five times a week for several weeks.
Brachytherapy is a method in which apoptosis seeds or pellets are implanted into the breast around the tumor area. This method allows the administration of higher doses of radiation to a cancerous tissue/fraction of the body within a shorter time.
New techniques in radiation therapy including IMRT and IGRT have improved the accuracy and efficiency of treatment and less harm to the health of the adjacent tissues.
Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy
Chemotherapy applies chemicals that are very effective in eliminating cancerous cells or in preventing the growth of unhealthy cells. It can be given before surgery to attempt to reduce tumor size (neoadjuvant therapy) or after surgery to eradicate any undetected cancer (adjuvant therapy). Chemotherapy is also advised for locally advanced breast cancer that has spread to other regions of the body as well.
Targeted therapy is relatively new and is aimed at discouraging cancerous cells while not affecting the normal ones. Herceptin and Perjeta are other drugs that are more applicable to HER2-positive type of breast cancer, which is identified to over-express the HER2 protein. There is vast support for these therapies for better prognosis of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Hormone treatment for breast cancer
Another therapy aimed at cancer is hormone therapy which is used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and utilizes hormones to spread. This therapy acts on the principle that endocrine glands lose their capacity to secrete hormones or there is discontinuity of hormone receptors in cancer cells.
Both tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are routinely used drugs in this regard. Tamoxifen works by binding to estrogen receptors on the cancer cells while aromatase inhibitors work by lowering the level of estrogen in post-menopausal women.
Recent studies have shown that extending hormone therapy beyond the standard five years can further reduce the risk of recurrence in some patients. This extended therapy approach is being adopted by many of the best hospitals for breast cancer to improve long-term outcomes.
Immunotherapy and Emerging Treatments
Making use of the body’s immune system to attack cancer cells, immunotherapy is a relatively new technique that shows potential for treatment of this disease. Some immunotherapies are pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and atezolizumab (Tecentriq) with better response in selectively TNBC − Triple-negative breast cancer is often more aggressive.
There are other hopeful treatments like PARP inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors also under production. Olaparib or Lynparza is used to treat patients with BRCA mutation and palbociclib or Ibrance is used in hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer.
These new methods of treating breast cancer have brought new hope to patients and are in the process of being incorporated into treatment protocols in the most reputable hospitals. For further elaboration on pp features for the particular treatment, the patients are advised to visit the doctor.global, a one-stop information base, and help for medical needs.
Thus, to master the ongoing processes in the treatment of breast cancer, it is necessary to focus on the improvement of surgical intervention, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy, as well as some new methods. Thus, updating on the existing achievements and getting treatment at the most suitable centers for breast cancer can enhance survival rates and offer patients the highest quality of service.